Introduction
C programming language is a machine-oriented programming language. It is one of the most popular programming languages used in developing operating systems, compilers, and embedded systems.
In C programming language, every variable has a type, which determines the size and layout of the variable's memory. The size of a data type is system dependent, and varies from one platform to another. In this article, we will explore the size of each C data type and the function that can determine the number of bytes each data type occupies in memory.
C Data Types
C language has several built-in data types, and they are categorized as follows:
- Basic data types
- Derived data types
- User-defined data types
The basic data types are char, int, float, and double, while the derived data types include arrays, pointers, and structures. User-defined data types are typedefs and enumerations defined by the programmer.
The sizeof() Function
The sizeof() function in C language is used to calculate the amount of memory allocated to a data type or a variable. It takes a data type or a variable as an argument and returns the size of the data type or variable in bytes.
The syntax for the sizeof() function is as follows:
size_t sizeof(data_type);The size_t is an unsigned integer data type that is used to represent the size of an object in bytes.
The following table shows the size of each basic C data type on a 64-bit platform:
| Data Type | Size (in bytes) |
|---|---|
| char | 1 |
| short | 2 |
| int | 4 |
| long | 8 |
| float | 4 |
| double | 8 |
| long double | 16 |
The size of each data type may vary on different platforms, such as 32-bit or 16-bit platforms. Therefore, it is always a good practice to use the sizeof() function to calculate the size of a data type at run-time.
Conclusion
C programming language has several built-in data types that are used to represent different types of data. The size of each data type is system dependent, and varies from one platform to another. The sizeof() function in C language is used to calculate the amount of memory allocated to a data type or a variable. It takes a data type or a variable as an argument and returns the size of the data type or variable in bytes. Using the sizeof() function is always a good practice to calculate the size of a data type at run-time.
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